| ÖÇ5 | Measurement tools and their characteristics used in education |
| ÖÇ5 | Tools based on traditional approaches: Written exams, short-answer exams, true-false tests, multiple-choice tests, matching tests, oral exams |
| ÖÇ5 | Tools for understanding students from multiple perspectives: Observation, interviews, performance assessments, student portfolios, research papers, research projects, peer assessments, self-assessments, attitude scales |
| ÖÇ5 | Considerations for assessing student achievement |