| 1 | Seyfettin Erşahin, İbrahim Sarıçam, Islamic Civilization, Istanbul 2004 |
| 2 | Adam Mez Islamic Civilization in the 10th Century, trans. Salih Şaban, Istanbul. 2000 |
| 3 | Corci Zeydan, History of Islamic Civilization, translated. Zeki Meğamiz, İst. 1328-1330 |
| 4 | W. Barthold and Fuad Köprülü, History of Islamic Civilization, Ankara 1977 |
| 5 | Ziya Kazıcı, History of Islamic Civilization and Institutions, Istanbul 1999 |
| 6 | Will Durant, Islamic Civilization, trans. Orhan Bahaeddin, 1997 |
| 7 | The Sun of Islam Rising Over Europe, translated. Servet Sezgin, Istanbul 1975 |
| 8 | Haydar Bammat, Spiritual and Cultural Values of Islam, trans. Bahadır Dülger, Ankara 1963 |
| 9 | Mehmet Özdemir, Andalusian Muslims, (History of Science and Culture), Ankara 1997 |
| 10 | Related articles from Religious Affairs Encyclopedia of Islam |