Key Action 2 Key Action 2: Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices Strategic Partnerships in the field of Higher Education contains: Projects enhancing the quality and innovativeness of learning and teaching, developing new curricula, building bridges between the different sectors of education and fostering more intense forms of cooperation to achieve the modernization objectives, including a better exploitation of open education resources. Higher education institutions established in a Programme Country must hold a valid Erasmus Charter for Higher Education (ECHE). An ECHE is not required for participating higher education institutions in Partner Countries, but they have to accept the principles of the ECHE.